Martin,
I would agree with Dave whether this is an idea for removing "ambient dust" or dust from a machine. If the latter -you will need vastly, vastly more, oceans more, "oomph". In the case of ambient dust, just vastly more!
To be effective, ambient dust filters need to shift a lot of air - the whole workshop volume basically, through decent filters, in a reasonable time period. A cooker hood only has to move smells away from the top of the cooker to somewhere else - usually the outside of the house. The different duties mean that the dust filter ends up being bigger, more expensive and a lot noisier than we would like
Of course there is nothing to stop you putting a little fan in a box and convincing yourself it is cleaning the air - which it will - just not enough air.