Maybe you need to put something between the chuck and the drill casting and force the chuck off that way, using the drill wheel.
Strangely enough, even though some items are designed for high precision work, bashing things with a b****y big hammer is the only effective way to deal with things. You may find that this particular drill wasn't designed to have the chuck removed. If there's no slot for a taper drift then the chuck may have been designed to stay put. Or maybe it wasn't designed to have been replaced.
There may be other ways of dealing with it, such as dismantling the spindle, using specialist wedges etc. It may even be that you take the chuck out with the spindle and replace it. Just don't expect that it was actually designed to be serviced or replaced. Some companies designed and built tools for engineers to use them and some companies designed and built tools to make money.