I'd second the recommendation for tulipwood - also sold as poplar.
But the question about pine prompts the question: what kind of pine? If it's the stuff sold as 'pine' in the sheds like B&Q it usually isn't pine but spruce or fir and is of famously-low quality. Proper pines - typically sold as redwood (scots or scandinavian pine) - or southern yellow pine are much better (although a bit more expensive).
Ash is good, although I'd question the word 'really' attached to 'cheap'
. Beech and oak aren't too bad, pricewise. The Americans, who are spoilt rotten when it comes to wood, have cherry and walnut - great woods, especially for handtools - but they're frightfully expensive over here. Historically, mahogany was the top choice for beauty, finish and workability - so much so that there's virtually none left now.
The trouble with the softer woods like pine, spruce and cedar is that you need really sharp tools to work them. They're a little easier to plane but difficult to chisel without crushing or spelching. Hardwoods like ash, oak and beech are often the reverse - easier to chisel to a fine finish but often the devil to work with handplanes.
All of which takes us back to poplar - not the prettiest of woods (although I quite like it myself) but a good all-round compromise when you're getting started.