There is no chance of fitting an INSERT in a 1-1/2" thread to accommodate a 33mm thread. (not enough difference in diameter)
Might be possible for someone to machine the chuck body out to accept a new sleeve that can be machined to 33mm standard, depends upon there being enough material in the chuck body, but cost would be more than the chuck is worth in most instances.
May be possible to find an EXCERT adaptor to place between the spindle nose and the chuck.
Penalty being that it would project the rear of the chuck at least 50mm forward of the existing spindle nose.