If you can cut a hole in the wall behind your lathe a fan mounted in it will pull all the dust out. No good in the winter months but great in the summer. I got a couple 16 or 18 inch ones from a gas furnace from work (the big box type mounted on the ceiling) that packed it in and put them in the wall of my fathers shop. He lived on an acreage, so no neighbours to worry about. If you can't scrounge up a used one, the kind sold to farmers are the same and they have shutters that close over the hole. My father used an old refrigerator door hung horizontally over the opening.
Example of the fans below.
https://www.princessauto.com/en/search? ... ating+fans
What Tasmanian Tony said about Bill Pentz and the Aussie site is good advise and there are some discussions about bell mouth hoods that improve airflow into the duct or hose by your machine. The box enclosures mentioned already would benefit using one to transition into the hose. BobL posted video of one by a spindle and shows how it can pick up sanding dust several inches away from the side of the hood. It is basically like the fan openings on a hovercraft. They can be made by turning one of wood or forming PVC pipe over a turned mandrel and heating the plastic.
Pete